Iyi nkuru yanditswe na Seif Gracien Hasingizwimana
Guhangana n’ibyonnyi ngo bagere ku iterambere: Uko abagore bo mu Bugesera bafashe ingamba z’ubuhinzi bwita ku mihindagurikire y’ikirere
Mu myaka itandatu ishize, mu gitondo cya kare izuba rikirasa, Mariana Mukandungutse, umwe mu bagize itsinda Abadasobanya, yabyukiraga mu murima we uherereye mu Murenge wa Gashora, mu Karere ka Bugesera, yari afite icyizere ko igihembwe gishya cy’ihinga cyari kigiye kuzana impinduka.
Ubutaka bwari bwitezweho umusaruro kandi bworoshye bitewe n’uko umurima wari warateguwe ku munsi wabanje. Yari yarazigamye imbuto, azipima neza mu kiganza cye mbere yo kuzitera mu butaka. Icyo cyizere ariko nticyatinze kuyoyoka. Ibyonnyi bizwi ku izina rya Mukondo w’Inyana (ni udukoko duto tuba mu butaka) byari byinjiye mu murima we, birya imbuto yari yateye mbere y’uko zimera.
Utudusimba duto twa milipede, twari twarafashwe nk’ututagira ingaruka mbi ku myaka, kubera ko twari tuzwiho kurya ibisigazwa by’ibinyabuzima biri munsi y’ubutaka. Nyamara, abashakashatsi basobanura ko mu bihe bimwe na bimwe, birimo igihe ubutaka bufite ifumbire nkeya, kandi bukabura amazi ahagije, utu dusimba dushobora guhinduka ibyonnyi byangiza imyaka.
Mu gihe cy’izuba rikabije, izi milipede zizamuka hejuru ku butaka zishaka amazi n’ibintu bibora, zigatangira kwangiza imizi y’imyaka n’imbuto zatewe.
Abahinzi bagirwa inama yo gukoresha ifumbire y’imborera iboze neza, cyangwa ifumbire y’amatungo no kuhira kenshi imyaka uko bishoboka, kugira ngo birinde kwibasirwa n’ibi byonnyi. Icyo gihe ariko, Mariana ntiyari yarabonye ubu bumenyi, kandi byamugizeho ingaruka zikomeye.
Yagize ati: “Nari niteze gusarura ibiro 200 by’ibigori, ariko kubera izuba rikabije n’ibyonnyi byateye, narahombye.”
Yongeyeho ko n’imboga ze zitabashije kurokoka kuko na zo zatewe n’ubundi bwoko bw’ibyonnyi.
Mu mwaka wa 2022, abahinzi bo mu Karere ka Gatsibo batangaje ko hegitari zirenga 400 z’imyaka zangijwe na Mukondo w’Inyana. Imirenge umunani ariyo Ngarama, Murambi, Kabarore, Rwimbogo, Kiramuruzi, Gatsibo, Kiziguro na Rugarama, yose yagizweho ingaruka n’utu dukoko.
Ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ryita ku biribwa n’ubuhinzi (FAO) rigaragaza ko buri mwaka, ku isi hose, kugeza kuri 40%, ( mirongo ine ku ijana) by’umusaruro w’ibihingwa byangizwa n’ibyonnyi.
Imihindagurikire y’ikirere irimo kongera ubukana bw’iki kibazo. Ubushyuhe bukomeje kwiyongera butuma ibyago byo gukwirakwira kw’ibyonnyi na byo byiyongera.
Urugero ni nk’agakoko ka Fall armyworm (Nkongwa), kavuka ku mugabane wa Amerika. Nyamara kuva mu mwaka wa 2016, kakwirakwiriye henshi muri Afurika yo munsi y’Ubutayu bwa Sahara.
Isesengura ryakozwe mu mwaka wa 2024 ryiswe “Umusaruro w’ibinyampeke muri Afurika: ingaruka z’ibyonnyi n’urumamfu mu gihe cy’imihindagurikire y’ikirere” rigaragaza ko aka gakoko gashobora kugabanya umusaruro w’ibigori kugera kuri 53% (mirongo itanu na gatatu ku ijana).
Aimable Gahigi, Umuyobozi Mukuru w’Ikigo cy’Igihugu gishinzwe Ubumenyi bw’Ikirere (Meteo Rwanda), avuga ko ubushyuhe bukomeje kwiyongera butuma ibihe by’imvura bigabanuka, kandi bikaba bigufi ari na ko bikabije. Yavuze ko imvura yagabanutse hagati y’iminsi 35 na 45 buri mwaka bitewe n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere.
Nubwo bimeze bityo, mu Rwanda hari impinduka igenda igaragara. Abahinzi bato bato, barimo n’abagore, barimo kwitabira ubuhinzi bwita ku mihindagurikire y’ikirere kugira ngo bahangane n’ibihe by’ihinduka ry’ikirere.
Ubu buhinzi bukubiyemo kunoza uburyo bwo gucunga imbuto n’imirima y’ubuhumbikiro, kuhira ku rugero ruto, gukoresha ibikoresho byo mu gace barimo nk’ibyatsi byo gutwikira ubutaka, no gukora ifumbire y’imborera, kurwanya indwara n’ibyonnyi, ndetse no gukoresha uburyo burambye bwo guhinga.
Kwitabira ubuhinzi bwita ku mihindagurikire y’ikirere
Hashize imyaka itandatu Mariana ahisemo kwitabira ubu buhinzi. Akurikiza uburyo bugezweho nko gutunganya umurima, no guhinga ategura ubutaka no gucukura imyobo yo guteramo imbuto, bifasha mu gucunga neza ibyonnyi.
Yagize ati: “Nyuma yo gucukura imyobo, nshyiramo ifumbire y’imborera, hanyuma nkongeramo ifumbire mvaruganda nkurikije inama z’abajyanama b’ubuhinzi, maze tugatera imbuto.”
Yongeyeho ko bakoresha andobo zo kuhira, ariko ko ari akazi gasaba imbaraga nyinshi kandi gatwara igihe kinini. Avuga ko umugabo we amufasha mu mirimo yo gutunganya ubuhinzi no kugeza umusaruro ku isoko akoresheje moto.
Kuva yatangira ubu buhinzi, Mariana avuga ko ubuzima bwe bwahindutse cyane. Ati: “Mbere nabaga mu nzu nakodeshaga kandi ngahinga ubutaka nakodesheje.” Ati “Ubu mfite ubutaka bwanjye, nfite inzu ifite agaciro ka miliyoni umunani z’amafaranga y’u Rwanda, kuko natangiriye ku gishoro cya 300,000 Frw.”
Yaretse imirimo ya nyakabyizi y’ubuhinzi yahemberwaga 1,000 Frw ku munsi. Yafashe inguzanyo ya 60,000 Frw mu itsinda ryo kuzigama, ayongeraho ayo yari yarazigamiye, agira 300,000 Frw.
Yagize ati: “Ubu buhinzi budufasha gutunga imiryango yacu no gusagurira isoko.” Ati “Buri munsi ngurisha imifungo 300 y’imboga n’imifungo 100 ya epinari.”
Mu murima we ikigori kimwa akigurisha 200 Frw.
Divine Umuhoza, umuhinzi w’inyanya mu Murenge wa Nyamata, akoresha ifumbire y’imborera n’imvaruganda, avuga ko ayishyira mu myobo yo guteramo imbuto kugira ngo ubutaka bugumane amazi.
Atera kandi ibiti ku nkengero z’umurima we bikamufasha gufata amazi atemba mu murima. Na we akora ubuhinzi bwo kuhira, ariko rimwe na rimwe bikamugora.
Yagize ati: “Nta mashini zipompa amazi dufite zadufasha kuyazamura mu misozi. Gukodesha imashini birahenze cyane.”
Avuga ko litiro imwe ya lisansi igura 2,000 Frw, kandi iyo ukoresheje litiro eshanu, wishyura ibihumbi 10,000Frw. Ati “Kwishyura ayo mafaranga biba bigoye.”
Divine avuga ko ubu buhinzi bwamufashije kugura inka ebyiri n’ingurube eshatu, yubaka inzu ifite agaciro ka miliyoni 20 Frw, kandi arizigama, muri banki ndetse yishyura ubwisungane mu kwivuza.
Adelphine Tuyisenge, Perezida w’itsinda ry’Abadasobanya mu Murenge wa Nyamata, yavuze ko itsinda ryabo ryibanda ku buhinzi bw’imboga nyuma yo guhabwa amahugurwa y’ubuhinzi bugezweho burengera ibidukikije.
Ati “Dukoresha indobo zo kuhira no gutunganya neza imirima, byadufashije kubona umusaruro uhagije no gusobanukirwa akamaro ko gutunganya neza umurima.”
Ku ishoramari rya 100,000 Frw rigura imbuto, no gutunganya ubutaka n’ibindi bikoresho by’ubuhinzi, itsinda ribasha kubona inyungu ya 200,000 Frw nyuma yo gusarura.
Dr Abias Maniragaba, umushakashatsi mu by’ubuhinzi, avuga ko ubuhinzi bwita ku mihindagurikire y’ikirere bugabanya isuri, bubungabunga umutungo kamere, kandi bukongera ubushobozi bwo kwihanganira imihindagurikire y’ikirere.
Avuga ko gufasha abagore ari ingirakamaro. Ati: “Bagira imbaraga, cyane cyane ko akenshi baba badafite umutungo uhagije, ubumenyi cyangwa ububasha bwo gufata ibyemezo, bityo bikagirira akamaro imiryango yabo.”
Eugene Kwibuka, Umuyobozi ushinzwe Porogaramu z’Itumanaho n’Itangazamakuru muri Minisiteri y’Ubuhinzi n’Ubworozi (MINAGRI), avuga ko ubu buhinzi bufasha igihugu guhangana n’ingaruka z’imihindagurikire y’ikirere binyuze mu kongera ubushobozi bwo kwihanganira izuba, no kongera umusaruro no kugabanya ingaruka ku bidukikije.
Avuga ko ubu buryo burinda abahinzi amapfa, imyuzure n’isuri binyuze mu micungire myiza y’ubutaka n’amazi, bukongera umusaruro hifashishijwe imyaka ishobora kwihanganira ikirere n’uburyo bunoze bwo kuhira, kandi bukagira uruhare mu kugabanya imyuka yangiza ikirere.
Umuryango wa Afurika yunze ubumwe (UA) ushyigikira cyane ubu buhinzi nk’inkingi y’umutekano w’ibiribwa, binyuze mu igenamigambi rya Africa Climate-Smart Agriculture Implementation Plan (2022–2032).
Mu Rwanda, Gahunda ya Gatanu y’Igihugu yo Guhindura Ubuhinzi (PSTA5) igamije kwihutisha iterambere ry’ubuhinzi binyuze mu kongera kwihanganira imihindagurikire y’ikirere, umusaruro, kugera ku masoko no gushora imari by’abikorera, hagamijwe umutekano w’ibiribwa, iterambere ry’ubukungu n’imibereho myiza.
Iyi gahunda yibanda ku miryango iyobowe n’abagore n’urubyiruko, bitewe n’uko bafite ibibazo byihariye ariko bakaba n’amahirwe akomeye mu guhindura ubuhinzi.
Eugene Kwibuka avuga ko abagore b’abahinzi mu Rwanda bafashwa kubona imbuto zishobora kwihanganira ikirere, ibikoresho bigabanyirizwa igiciro, kubona amahugurwa, inguzanyo, inkunga, ubwishingizi bw’imyaka, iyi nkunga igatangwa n’Ikigo cy’Igihugu gishinzwe Guteza Imbere Ubuhinzi n’Ubworozi (RAB) n’amakoperative.
Babona kandi n’ikoranabuhanga rihendutse ryo kuhira, n’ibindi bikoresho byo kubika umusaruro no kuwutunganya neza, bigafasha kugabanya igihombo no kongera inyungu.
Yavuze ko ibi bigira uruhare rukomeye mu kugabanya ubukene, kuko gukoresha neza ifumbire n’amazi bigabanya ikiguzi cy’umusaruro.
Ati: “Amafaranga ahamye atuma ababyeyi bishyurira abana ishuri, kandi bikagabanya ikoreshwa ry’abana mu mirimo ivunanye. Ikoranabuhanga rizigama igihe rifasha abagore kubona umwanya wo gukora indi mirimo ibyara inyungu, cyangwa kwita ku miryango yabo, naho kwihanganira imihindagurikire y’ikirere bituma inzara igabanuka n’ubukene bugacika.”
Umushinga wa Land Husbandry, Water Harvesting and Hillside Irrigation wagiriye akamaro imiryango 2,689 n’abantu barenga 100,000, abagore bakaba ari bo benshi mu bagize amakoperative ku buso bwa hegitari 12,940.
Byongeye kandi, Sustainable Agricultural Intensification Project (SAIP) yemera uruhare rukomeye rw’abagore mu musaruro w’ubuhinzi, umutekano w’ibiribwa n’imirire y’imiryango, ikagaragaza ko uburinganire bugabanya ubukene, kandi bukagirira akamaro umuryango mugari.
Uyu mushinga wemeza ko nibura 42% (mirongo ine ku ijana) by’imiryango y’abawugiramo uruhare, hafi 84,000 mu miryango 200,000, ari iy’abagore, hibandwa ku kwitabira no kuyobora amatsinda n’amakoperative yo kwigira.
Izi gahunda zigamije guha abagore ubushobozi mu buhinzi zijyanye n’Intego z’Iterambere Rirambye z’Umuryango w’Abibumbye (Sustainable Development Goals, SDGs).
Intego ya gatanu ishimangira uburinganire n’ubwuzuzanye mu by’ubukungu, naho iya kabiri igamije kurangiza inzara no kongera umusaruro n’inyungu z’abahinzi bato.
Eugene Kwibuka yongeyeho ati: “Iyo ubuhinzi bwita ku mihindagurikire y’ikirere bushyigikiwe neza, kandi bukibanda ku bagore n’abahinzi bato, bugira uruhare rugaragara mu kongera umusaruro, kugabanya ubukene, guteza imbere uburinganire no kurengera ibidukikije, bigashyiraho umusingi uhamye w’iterambere rirambye n’ubukungu bwihanganira ibibazo.”
Yanditswe na Seif Gracien Hasingizwimana
